| Products: magnetizers &... |
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 Magnetic Material Analysis
About Measuring Systems...
The growing utilization of magnetic materials in industrial and research applications is requiring a precise knowledge of the magnetic materials and of their use. This is the reason for which Laboratorio Elettrofisico Engineering is offering equipments in conformity with the International Rules and Regulations and that may also be customized according to the specific requirements
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Magnetic Material Analysis » HARD MAGNETIC MATERIAL
Hystergraf IS-300 - The measure of permanent magnets
Automatic measuring system for all type of hard magnetic materials in closed circuit conditions, in agreement with International Standards IEC 60404-5 and ASTM A977. The system includes an electrical cabinet containing two fluxmeters, one power supply, one heating unit for high temperature tests, an electromagnet and PC + dedicated software.
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Electrical unit
Power
Fluxmeters
Temperature control
Feeder
Dimensions and weight |
220 V, 50-60 Hz, 16 A absorption
2 DF, for H and J measure
from R.T. up to 220 °C
LKW-4 (60 V – 25 A)
540 x 950 x h 750 mm, 90 kg |
Yoke
Diameter of available poles
Max field intensity
Poles regulation
Max gap height (LP-100)
Dimensions and weight |
From 40 to 120 mm
3 tesla in 2 mm gap with LP-60
Fast and micrometrical
60 mm
340 x 400 x 760 mm, 285 kg |
PC and Software
PC and printer
Operative system
Software
Connection |
Latest model
Windows XP
Hyst-2004 (English and Italian)
USB |
Accessories
Compensated coils
Ferrite arc measurement
Ferrite powder measurement
Embedded coils
Reference samples |
Diameters from 10 to 82 mm
Custom
Kit with 100 mm diameter
Coils with 6 or 10 mm
Every material and dimension |
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Measuring coils and accessories - For Hystergraf IS-300
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Compensated coils
Standard LEE measuring coils are compensated: this means that only the ‘useful’ J-component is measured, so that the result is less dependent by the H field and the max resolution is obtained. A second set of windings measure H; the software then calculates the total field B.
Two different type of models:
Type LJA-.. with thickness of 1 mm, only for R.T. measurements
Type LJT-.. with thickness of 2.5 mm, for measures up to 220 °C |
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Type
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Thickness
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Ø sample
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Pole models
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Temperature range
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LJA-10
LJA-15
LJA-26
LJA-42
LJA-64
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1 mm
1 mm
1 mm
1 mm
1 mm
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0 – 10 mm
10 – 15 mm
15 – 26 mm
26 – 42 mm
42 – 64 mm
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LP-60, 80, 100, 120
LP-60, 80, 100, 120
LP-60, 80, 100, 120
LP-80, 100, 120
LP-100, 120
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from +10 to +40 °C
from +10 to +40 °C
from +10 to +40 °C
from +10 to +40 °C
from +10 to +40 °C
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LJT-10
LJT-15
LJT-26
LJT-42
LJT-64
LJT-73
LJT-82
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2.5 mm
2.5 mm
2.5 mm
2.5 mm
2.5 mm
2.5 mm
2.5 mm
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0 – 10 mm
10 – 15 mm
15 – 26 mm
26 – 42 mm
42 – 64 mm
64 – 73 mm
73 – 82 mm
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LP-60, 80, 100, 120
LP-60, 80, 100, 120
LP-60, 80, 100, 120
LP-80, 100, 120
LP-100, 120
LP-100, 120
LP-120
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from -100 to +220 °C
from -100 to +220 °C
from -100 to +220 °C
from -100 to +220 °C
from -100 to +220 °C
from -100 to +220 °C
from -100 to +220 °C
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Search coil for H measure, model LPH-200
To use alone or combined with embedded poles.
Typical magnetic area: 7000 mm2
Stem length: 120 mm
Thickness: 2.5 mm
Active area (diameter): 10 mm |
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Soft iron poles
The interchangeable poles guarantee a very uniform field in the gap with a negligible residual field. Diameters smaller than 120 mm are tapered, so that they amplify the field produced by the electromagnet: the smallest the diameter the highest the magnetic field (up to 3 T in 2 mm gap with LP-60).
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Max Ø sample |
Suggested coil |
LP-40
LP-60
LP-80
LP-100
LP-120 |
15 mm
26 mm
42 mm
73 mm
82 mm |
10 – 15
10 – 26
10 – 42
10 – 73
10 - 82 |
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Heating poles, for high temperature measurements
Provided with heating resistors and thermocouples, they permit the measure up to 220 °C, in agreement with IEC TR 61807 Standard.
Immediate connectivity to main unit IS-300 and yoke.
| Characteristic \ model |
LPT-80 |
LPT-100 |
Temperature range
Diameter
Uniformity area
Field at 2.5 mm gap
Weight |
20 – 220 °C
80 mm
45 mm
2.4 T
6 kg |
20 – 220 °C
100 mm
75 mm
2.2 T
10 kg |
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Software HYST-2004 - For Hystergraf IS-300
The software Hyst-2004 is not only the communication and management software of IS-300 hardware: it should be considered as an active part of the measuring system.
Actually, the total accuracy is not only guaranteed by the accuracy of single instruments, but also by the optimized management of a series of parameters affecting the measurement process itself, such as the speed, the field resolution, compensation and temperature effects, the poles’ saturation, etc., together with all kind of wrong settings that a non-expert operator can do.
Several additional helps are given in all situations for which the hardware has physical limits: extrapolation of the curve at higher or lower temperature, interpolation of the curve when incomplete or irregular, curve’s completion for high-coercivity magnets, etc.
A summary of main functions and options are listed below; some useful features are described with more details in next pages.
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Main characteristics
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• Menu and panels in the same style of main applicative software, such as Microsoft OfficeTM;
• Very easy to use;
• Available measures: 1° quadrant, 2° quadrant, 1° and 2° quadrant, complete hysteresis cycle, recoil permeability, compensation control curve;
• Many parameters with manual or automatic setting;
• Magnetic units in SI and CGS, measures in mm and inches, temperature in °C and °F;
• Standard and custom materials table with main characteristics;
• Automatic or manual setting of magnetizing and demagnetizing field;
• Automatic or manual regulation of speed and field resolution;
• Max-min acceptance limits setting for on-line quality control;
• Six pre-set types of graphical reports;
• Possibility to insert notes on the measure;
• Customized selection of parameters and results to be visualized in the report;
• Language selection for the report (10 different standard languages, included Chinese and Hindi);
• The report can be printed out or saved as image;
• The report can be opened and saved with other editors, like Microsoft WordTM;
• Automatic comparison with reference samples |
• Graphical setting of colours (background, curve, grid, lines, etc), thickness and type of lines, BHmax hyperbolae, loading line, auto or manual scales, etc.;
• Usual results (saturation and second quadrant values) + advanced results (working point, magnetic moment, anisotropy parameters, etc.);
• Data base of measuring files with fast search capability, ordering, selection, etc.;
• Possibility to save different measures as a set in a unique file, (for example, measures made on the same sample at different T);
• Visualization of multiple curves with relative results (colours and scales customized);
• Protection password to enable access to the program or to disable the setting of selectable parameters;
• Extrapolation of the curve at higher or lower temperature, for a quick evaluation of the measured curve at different T;
• Curve’s interpolation, automatic or using a mathematical function from a list;
• Extrapolation of uncompleted curves (such those of high-HcJ materials);
• Correction of poles’ saturation;
• Elaboration of curves made with shaped poles;
• Automatic control of the fluxmeter’s drift;
• Real-time assistant for suggestions or warnings;
• Help file (with arguments index). |
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Setting of measuring parameters
The software drives the operator step by step through the parameters’ setting. It is easy to set a completely new page or recall a previous setting.
For a responsible, it is also possible to lock (with password) the setting of some selected parameters, to prevent a wrong use from non-expert operators. The final list of parameters is shown in the main page, where different colors point out the correctness of the setting.
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Set of measures
It is possible to group together different measures, to manage them in a collective way.
The software recognize the type of group and gives additional results. For example, for temperature set, the program calculates the temperature coefficient; for measures on the same lot of magnet, some statistical data (average, standard deviation, etc.) are given. The curves are drawn in the same graph in different colors (customizable) and all main results are visualized in a summary table.
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Data base and file searching
A useful internal database permits to have a global vision of all measures and results.
Files can be ordered respect any parameter. With integrated string searching, it is easy to find any ‘key word’ between all measures and files.
From database it is also possible to group selected files or open them directly, printing, etc.
Full compatibility with all main elaboration program, such as Microsoft ExcelTM. |
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Printing a report
The program contains 6 pre-set reports with different sizes and contents, but it is also possible to customize them changing the information and the language.
The user can select the parameters and results to be visualized in the printing. Even if the program is in English, up to 10 languages are available for the printing (all the main European languages plus Chinese and Hindi).
Possibility to print directly a graphical report on printer or file, otherwise as text file, such as RTF (WordPad document), PDF (Acrobat) or DOC (Word), depending on installed programs.
The company logo can be inserted in the header, together with notes, titles, etc. |
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Temperature extrapolation
The extrapolation transforms a curve, obtained at a certain T, to another curve that represents the same measure at higher or lower T. This mathematical elaboration uses temperature coefficients α-Br and α-HcJ.
Although the real measure is the preferred one, the extrapolation is useful when a fast indication is required or when it is necessary to know the behaviour at a temperature not measurable (such as under-zero temperatures).
Another useful utilization is to evaluate the HcJ of a high-coercivity magnet whose curve cannot be terminated at room temperature. In this case, it is possible to extrapolate at lower temperature a measure done at higher T, where the curve can be completed. |
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LEE Assistant
The assistant is one of the most useful innovations of the software. In practice, it acts as a helper always up-to-date on what happens in the machine and in the measure.
With a click, the Assistant shows the actual state, with a list of suggestions and/or warnings. When the gravity of the errors or anomalies exceeds a certain level, then the Assistant comes out automatically. Even the hardware is managed by the Assistant, which promptly signals a possible malfunction on a device.
The Help with search index and on-line instruction manual complete the available supports. |
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Magnetic Material Analysis » SOFT MAGNETIC MATERIAL
AC-DC Permeameter - The measure of magnetically soft materials
Introduction
The characterization of soft magnetic materials is done in closed circuit. This condition can be obtained in two ways:
– On ring-shape specimen, which are naturally closed on their self;
– On samples having shape of bar or strips, which are closed at their ends through poles made of high-permeability materials. |
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The DC measure is done in quasi-static conditions, i.e. using an excitation field H that changes in a very low way. The measure is in agreement with International standard IEC 60404-4. The main results are the hysteresis loop and the normal magnetization curve, from which it is obtained the permeability vs. H- field curve.
The DC measure gives the intrinsic magnetic characteristic of the material. |
| The AC measure can be performed on ring-shape specimens, generally in two main conditions: magnetizing the sample with a sinusoidal H field, or with a field such that the resulting magnetic induction B is sinusoidal (generally, this is the most often used condition). The measure is described by the International Standard IEC 60404-6. The main results are the AC hysteresis loop, the AC normal magnetization curve and the specific losses (in W/kg) on the material. |
DC-AC Permeameter (up to 20 kHz)
DC-AC permeameter, customizable, permits the DC and AC measure of ring-shape specimens, in agreement with Standard IEC 60404-4 and 60404-6.
The system can be expanded for the measure of bars and strips.
The complete system includes
> Main cabinet with instruments (see below)
> PC + printer
> Software Soft-2005
> Reference sample |
The signal acquisition is performed through an
ADC board mounted directly on PC (for frequency
up to 1 kHz), or by a fast board or an oscilloscope
(for frequency up to 20 kHz). |
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- Fluxmeter Digital Flux
To measure the flux in DC conditions
- Arbitrary function generator
To generate requested waveforms (sinH or sinB)
- Power amplifier
To amplify the output signals from the arbitrary function generator. Customizable depending on requirements.
- Slide box with ring connections
Ring connections with fan grid |
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- Main electrical unit
220 VAC ( ± 10 %); 50-60 Hz |
The measure of bars and strips with yoke
The measure of bars and strips is done in an electromagnetic yoke (Sanford-Bennet yoke) realized with high-permeability strips. The magnetic flux produced by two excitation coils is driven by the yoke in an air-gap with adjustable amplitude, in which the specimen is inserted.
The circuit is perfectly closed on the samples due to two couples of shaped poles, which have a cavity that matches the cross section of the sample.
The measure of H is done by a Hall probe positioned close to the central cross-section of the bar. The measure of the induction B is done through a flux measurement with a pick-up coil in which the sample is inserted. |
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DC-AC permeameter is immediately ready for the connection to Sanford-Bennet yoke and to the measure of samples having shape of bars and strips.
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| Combo unit for the measure of hard and soft magnetic materials |
The ‘Combo’ unit joins the AC-DC permeameter for soft with hysteresisgraph IS-300 for hard, permitting the measure of all types of magnetic materials in a unique solution!
The two systems have some instruments and part of the electrical services in common, so, it is not only a compact solution, but also a saving-cost solution. |
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System composition:
> 2 fluxmeters Digital Flux
> Arbitrary function generator
> Power amplifier
> Slide box for ring connections
> Heating unit for LPT poles
> DC power supply
> Acquisition unit
> Electromagnet (yoke)
> Main electrical unit
> Compensated measuring coil
> PC + printer
> Software Hyst-2004
> Software Soft-2005
> Soft and hard reference samples |
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Software SOFT-2005 - For DC-AC Permeameter
Main characteristics
> Measure of hysteresis cycle, normal magnetization curve and permeability, in DC and AC conditions;
> Choice of measuring conditions (sinusoidal H or B) and of form factor;
> Manual or automatic selection of acquisition conditions;
> Automatic feedback with visualization of resulting waveforms;
Results
> Br, Hc, vertex and saturation values, m(H), mmax,m initial, mdifferential, loop area, specific losses, losses separation, Steinmetz coefficients, etc.;
> Curve comparison and possibility of grouping more curves in sets (with same frequency, with same amplitude, etc.);
> Losses separation (hysteresis, eddy currents and ‘excess’ losses);
> Linear and logarithmic scales;
> Comparison with reference curves;
> All characteristics of software Hyst-2004 are included in Soft-2005. |
Losses separation:
> Hysteresis losses
> Eddy current losses
> Excess (or anomalous) losses |
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Permeameter PFMM - Measure of permeability of feebly magnetic materials
Some materials, like austenitic stainless steels, are generally considered non-magnetic. But how much are they really non-magnetic?
Permeameter PFMM (Feebly Magnetic Materials) permits to quantify the magnetic ‘weakness’ of a material measuring its magnetization and its permeability. |
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When these materials are used in application for which it is necessary a very weak or null interaction with magnetic fields, it is fundamental to control that quantities like magnetization and permeability are weak enough.
There are a lot of applications that make use of feebly magnetic materials: big electric machines, turbo generators, NMR instruments, devices for ionic or electronic beams, precision weight, etc. |
PFMM permeameter was developed in accordance with reference standard ASTM A342.
The measuring range for relative permeability is generally between 1.001 and 4.
To better understand the sensibility of the instrument, we can focus that a material with a permeability of 1.001, when under a magnetic field of 1 tesla (10 kOe) has a magnetization of 10 gauss!
On the other side, remember that ferromagnetic materials such as Fe-Ni alloys, have permeability up to 105 ¸ 106.
In spite of the difficulty of the measure, the typical total accuracy of the system is better than 2 %.
The specimen should have a shape of bar with a uniform cross-section, with length bigger than 100 mm and cross section not lower than 20 mm2. Typical diameter of the solenoid is 50 mm, but custom dimensions are available. |
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Magnetic Material Analysis » COERCIMETER
Coercimeter CR/01 - Measure of the coercivity HcJ of soft magnetic materials
The magnetic characterization of samples having irregular shape is a frequent problem in the industry and research world.
The coercimeter is an instrument that gives a solution to this problem, because it measures in a very fast and easy way the parameter that more than other distinguish soft magnetic materials: the coercivity Hc. |
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Mu-metal shield that permits to prevent disturbance from external magnetic fields. The solenoid is inside.
The positioning tool for sample is visible in the picture.
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The measure is automatically executed and driven by the software, in complete agreement with International Standard IEC 60404-7. The sample can have regular or irregular shape, even if an elonged shape is preferred.
The measuring principle is very simple: the sample, magnetized by the magnetic field produced by the solenoid, produces a field, which transversal component is detected by a Hall probe. When the field of the solenoid is equal and opposite to the coercivity of the sample, the material becomes completelly ‘transparent’ to the magnetic field, and the transversal component becomes zero. In this condition, i.e. when the Hall probe reading is zero, the solenoid field equates the coercivity of the material.
When Hc is lower of 40 A/m, it is necessary to shield the sample, to avoid influences from external magnetic fields (even the Earth magnetic field can affect the result). For this reason, a mu-metal shield is provided, guaranteing a reduction of external influences to negligible values, and permitting measure of Hc lower than few A/m. |
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The software manages automatically or manually the measure, driving the operator to parameters’ setting.
Then, the program permits also a quality management of the good-rejected results, giving statistical evaluation, fast searching of files and measurements, etc.
The customizable printing, the on-line guide and many other options guarantee a fast and easy use of the program (the typical measure needs less than a minute to be completed, included the parameter’s setting).
Basic version:
- Service cabinet
- DC power supply
- Gaussmeter + Hall probe
- Solenoid with positioning tool for samples
- Mu-metal shield (optional)
- PC with dedicated software + printer
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Magnetic Material Analysis » MAGNETOSCANTM SYSTEMS
Magnetic Scanner - Magnetic scansion instrument MMS-01
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To measure and verify the superficial magnetic field on every type of multipolar sample on 2 or 3 axes.
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The Magnetic Measuring Scanner permits to measure the superficial magnetic induction on rotors and stators with axial and radial multipolar magnetization.
The measure is done with a Hall probe that can be positioned with micrometrical precision at any distance from the surface, thanks to a mechanical tool with 3 degrees of freedom.
The rotation of the sample is done by a DC motor coupled with a reducer. The angular position is read by a precise encoder, with a resolution of 0.072° (5000 points per revolution).
The shaft holder chuck is provided with an interchangeable holder that allows to measure samples having the shaft of small and medium dimensions (0.5 ÷ 15 mm).
The measure is fully automated and it is managed by a dedicated software, that allows also a wide variety of elaboration of scanned data: visualization of diagram angle-induction, tables of data, peak detection, angular shift, harmonic distortion, FFT, comparison between different measurements, printout etc. |
The complete equipment includes:
• Gaussmeter (model could vary with application)
• Hall probe (model could vary with application)
• Mechanical hardware (axes control)
• Power supply, DC motor with reducer, encoder for angular motion control
• Position tool for Hall probe and samples (customized)
• Set of holders for different shaft’s diameters
• PC and printer
• Software
• instructions manual |
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